Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BC. It is the second-largest country in the Middle East (after Saudi Arabia), the sixth-largest entirely in Asia, and its capital and largest city is Tehran. Iran covers an area of 1,648,195 km 2 (636,372 sq mi), with a population of 85 million. It is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and Azerbaijan, to the north by the Caspian Sea, to the northeast by Turkmenistan, to the east by Afghanistan, to the southeast by Pakistan, to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. Iran ( Persian: ایران Irān ( listen)), also called Persia, and officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, is a country in Western Asia. You may need rendering support to display the Persian text in this article correctly.
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